Czech Republic Struggles with Rapidly Escalating Hepatitis A Outbreak as Health Crisis Deepens and Urgent Travel Warnings Are Issued

The Czech Republic is currently facing a rapidly escalating hepatitis A outbreak, with cases surging at an alarming rate. Health authorities have issued urgent travel warnings in response to the growing crisis, as the number of confirmed infections continues to rise. As of May 2025, the country has reported 450 cases, with six fatalities, marking a sharp increase from the previous year. This sudden surge is particularly concerning in Prague, a city known for its thriving tourism industry, including stag and hen parties, which draws thousands of visitors annually. The outbreak is believed to be primarily linked to contaminated food and water sources, as the virus spreads through the faeces of infected individuals. With hepatitis A being more severe in adults, especially those with underlying health conditions, authorities are urging travellers to take extra precautions before visiting the affected areas.

Hepatitis A, a viral liver infection, has been making headlines due to a concerning outbreak in Prague, one of the most popular destinations for British holidaymakers. The virus is spread through the faeces of an infected person and is most commonly contracted by consuming contaminated food or water. The condition, which is more prevalent in areas with inadequate sanitation, can lead to severe complications, especially in adults. With the rise of cases in the Czech Republic, UK health authorities are urging travellers to take caution.

What is Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is a liver infection triggered by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of food or water that has been contaminated with faeces from an infected person. The virus affects the liver and can lead to symptoms such as fever, fatigue, nausea, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). While many individuals may recover without complications, some cases can be severe, leading to prolonged illness or even liver failure in extreme cases.

The virus tends to be more dangerous in adults, where symptoms can be more intense, and the recovery period is longer. Children, on the other hand, often do not show symptoms, making it more challenging to detect the infection in early stages and contributing to the spread of the disease.

Outbreak in Prague: A Growing Concern for UK Tourists

Prague, the capital city of the Czech Republic, is known for its vibrant nightlife and beautiful tourist attractions, making it a popular destination for stag and hen parties. However, a significant uptick in hepatitis A cases has prompted the UK’s Travel Health Pro site, which operates under the Foreign Office, to issue a travel warning for British citizens planning to visit the city.

As of May 5, 2025, the Czech Republic has reported 450 confirmed cases of hepatitis A, six of which have resulted in fatalities. This surge marks a sharp rise compared to 2024, when the country recorded only 636 cases for the entire year, with two deaths. The areas most affected by the outbreak are Central Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia, and Prague itself.

Authorities have warned that the disease can be more severe in adults than in children. While many children may not show any symptoms, they can still spread the virus to others. For adults, however, hepatitis A can lead to a prolonged recovery period lasting several months. Additionally, in rare instances, the virus can cause acute liver failure, leading to death. Though the overall mortality rate is low, it increases to 1.8% for individuals over the age of 50 or those with pre-existing liver conditions.

Who is at Risk?

Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to contracting hepatitis A, including:

• Those staying with local residents: Travellers staying in close proximity to the local population, especially in areas with poor sanitation, are at a higher risk.
• Frequent travellers to regions with poor sanitation: Individuals who frequently travel to destinations with subpar food hygiene and sanitation are more likely to come into contact with the virus.
• People with underlying health conditions: Those with chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, or blood disorders like haemophilia are more susceptible to severe illness from hepatitis A.
• Men who have sex with men: This group has been identified as having an elevated risk of contracting the virus.
• People who inject drugs: Sharing needles or engaging in practices that expose individuals to contaminated substances increases the risk.
• Occupational exposure: Workers in healthcare, food service, or other industries where exposure to contaminated food or water is a risk may also face a higher chance of infection.

Health experts have raised concerns that the virus can spread widely due to its asymptomatic nature in children. Furthermore, individuals may be infectious during the incubation period, which can make it difficult to detect the infection early on. As a result, the actual number of cases may exceed the reported figures.

Preventive Measures for Travellers

The risk of contracting hepatitis A can be mitigated through several preventive measures. The primary mode of transmission is through the consumption of contaminated food or water, so ensuring good hygiene practices is crucial.

• Vaccination: One of the most effective ways to protect against hepatitis A is through vaccination. The hepatitis A vaccine is widely available and recommended for travellers heading to areas where the virus is prevalent. The vaccine typically requires two doses, spaced six months apart, to offer long-term protection.
• Maintaining Good Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and water, especially before eating or handling food, is essential in preventing the spread of hepatitis A. Carrying hand sanitizers when soap and water are not available is also a good practice.
• Safe Food and Water Practices: Avoid consuming food or drinks from untrusted sources. Stick to bottled or purified water, and make sure food is thoroughly cooked. Steer clear of raw fruits and vegetables unless they can be peeled or thoroughly rinsed with clean water.
• Avoid Close Contact with Infected Individuals: Those who show symptoms of hepatitis A, such as jaundice or fatigue, should avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the virus.

The Czech Republic is facing a rapidly growing hepatitis A outbreak, prompting urgent travel warnings as cases surge, particularly in Prague. Health authorities are concerned about the spread through contaminated food and water, urging travellers to exercise caution.

Conclusion

The recent hepatitis A outbreak in Prague serves as a stark reminder of the risks associated with travel, especially to areas where sanitation is poor. While the disease is preventable through vaccination and careful hygiene practices, travellers should remain vigilant. Health officials recommend that anyone planning to visit Prague or other areas affected by the outbreak take the necessary precautions to protect their health.